Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Understanding - Essay Example Clearly, the basic heritage infers that we share a few thoughts, customs, and practices in this way making the world a one major association of outsiders. It is from the cosmopolitanism belief system that we as a whole have a place with the world in spite of our ethnic and racial contrasts that Koichi notes â€Å"Japan is spoken to and speaks to itself as a socially and racially homogenous and remarkably particularistic by method of a key paired resistance between two nonexistent social entities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Koichi, 2005; p. 104). From this, it turns out to be certain that really, humankind has a place with the world and ought to be allowed to move here and there. The social, racial and political substances that have served to separate individuals are nonexistent; since we as a whole have a place with this world and we are equivalent to the individuals we find in different spots that we may visit. Since we have a place with this world, it is, subsequently, astonishing that some Japanese separate others. The acknowledgment that we share numerous perspectives should help in making common regard instead of hostility and enmity or the sort of segregation propagated by the Medias in today’s society. In addition, the Japanese nihonjinron ought to portray how exceptional Japanese culture is just as show that it by one way or another connections to some worldwide societies just to achieve the entire idea of experience. Cosmopolitanism further means a situation where our decent variety doesn't remove us from individual people, yet rather carries us closer to the making of a worldwide network. We live in a globalized existence where social trades are a reality. Cosmopolitanism suggests the incorporation of all regardless of our disparities whether at home, in Olympic Games, FIFA world, work environment or whatever other spot where human collaboration can happen. It is disheartening that to be sure, social legislative issues are constantly obliterating the positive affiliations that we ought to have considering the way that we are generally people and noticeably, from a typical

Sports Drinks Essay Example for Free

Sports Drinks Essay Caffeinated drinks, sports drinks, recuperation drinks†¦call them what you will, their names despite everything recommend that theyre intended for dedicated competitors. Nowadays, notwithstanding, it appears that everybody is tipping them back. In any case, who actually needs them? I suggest sports drinks for extreme exercise that goes on for over 60 minutes, says Suzanne Farrell, R. D. , an enrolled dietitian and representative for the American Dietetic Association. For anything under 60 minutes, water is fine. That is on the grounds that you dont need a 200-calorie explosion of reward for a short spell on the treadmill (recollect, taking in a bigger number of calories than you consume will in the long run lead to weight gain), and your body isnt exhausted of the electrolytes these beverages are intended to rapidly supplant. In the event that your routine much of the time falls into the exceptional exercise for over an hour classification, and youre looking for a games drink, make certain to peruse the nourishment mark. Ensure your games drink contains potassium and sodiumâ€the electrolytes your body works out. Also, you can avoid the nutrient enhanced beverages. As indicated by Farrell, you ought to get your nutrients and supplements from food; sports drinks make a poor substitute. Also, at long last, study your decisions. Sports drinks are popular and, thus, heaps of optionsâ€and impostersâ€have sprung up. Ensure youre expending a beverage intended to accommodate your exercise levelâ€without unreasonable calories. Furthermore, be careful with caffeinated drinks loaded up with only sugar and caffeineâ€Red Bull, Full Throttle, Mountain Dew AMP and so forth shouldnt be mistaken for sports drinks.

The Wife of Bath from the Canterbury Tales free essay sample

Influential Women What might you consider somebody who has been hitched multiple times, and uses their body as a bartering apparatus to get what they need from their spouses? Okay believe that to be trashy and of low ethics or shrewd and incredible? Or on the other hand would you contrast them with the current VIP? The Wife of Bath from â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† is a more established lady who lived at some point in the medieval times, who wants to contend and be correct. Elizabeth Taylor is an amazingly wonderful 1950’s entertainer who was the sort of individual that †got around a lot† and was explicitly shameful. The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor identify with one another intently. The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor are the two ladies of high class and advancement. They are additionally extremely experienced in the field of affection. The Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor were both viewed as extremely tasteful ladies from their timeframe. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Wife of Bath from the Canterbury Tales or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, The Wife of Bath is depicted to be somebody of high design, wore costly dress, and was materialistic. â€Å"Her hose were of the best red and gartered tight; her shoes were delicate and new. Striking was her face, attractive, and red in tint. A commendable lady all her life† (Chaucer 466 †469). Despite the fact that the Wife of Bath isn't viewed as being extremely alluring, the garments she wore and her disposition towards individuals causes her to appear to be a lady of high class. In correlation, Elizabeth Taylor was well known and known for being incredibly delightful. â€Å"Early on, scouts were gripped by the incredibly dazzling kid with violet eyes and a steamy, practically grown-up, excellence. † (Rosen). Taylor, being a renowned on-screen character, could stand to wear name brand apparel. Taylor was likewise very respectful and the conducted herself with high class. Besides, the Wife of Bath is known to be the â€Å"experienced† master on affection and sex. During her preface, she demands contending with the pardoner and demonstrates her point until she wins. She â€Å"knew the solutions for love’s setbacks, a workmanship where she knew the most established moves. † (Chaucer 485 - 486). The Wife of Bath, being hitched five distinct occasions, stands up for herself to be the smarty pants master on affection. Elizabeth Taylor was additionally knowledgeable about the field of affection. Taylor was hitched multiple times to seven individuals. â€Å"The acting of Taylors life incorporates 8 union with 7 distinct men, 4 youngsters, widowhood, affairs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rosen). Throughout her life, Taylor had various illicit relationships and outrages. Continually being viewed by people in general, nothing she did was kept hidden. Taking everything into account, The Wife of Bath from â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and the entertainer, Elizabeth Taylor are firmly related. The two of them are knowledgeable about the field of affection. The Wife has been hitched multiple times and accepts that she is the master with regards to love and marriage. She wants to contend with different explorers and demonstrate that she is correct. Elizabeth Taylor has been hitched eight distinct occasions, has been associated with different illicit relationships and embarrassments through an incredible span, and has been in the perspective on the open eye. They likewise are viewed as ladies of high class. The Wife wears just the best garments made of the best materials. The manner in which she conducts herself, she nearly thinks she is more commendable and more instructed than every other person. Elizabeth Taylor was popular for and known for being one of the most wonderful ladies in the nation. Since she was an entertainer, she clearly could stand to wear the most costly attire she could discover. By and large, the Wife of Bath and Elizabeth Taylor were fundamentally the same as in a couple of ways Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales.

Law and Society Essay Free Essays

They had for all intents and purposes no voice. Men were just expected to furnish their significant other with the necessities of life, and to secure her. This framework or method of working was called â€Å"covert†. We will compose a custom exposition test on Law and Society Essay or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Ladies were required to give an inviting home and a cheerful situation for their spouses, when they came back from a â€Å"long hard day of working work. † Laws that were established in the mid 1 ninth century expressed that wedded ladies were totally heavily influenced by their spouses, much like a slave was heavily influenced by his lord. There was a saint that â€Å"If the man slaughtered his better half, it isn't generally his deficiency, she probably accomplished something incorrectly, however on the off chance that a lady executed her significant other, she is rebuffed with an equivalent destiny as it is a capital wrongdoing to â€Å"bite the hand that takes care of you†. † Although a few relationships were fine and worked out to the focal points if the two accomplices, inconvenient relationships were the issue. At the point when a spouse couldn't help contradicting her better half, she didn't generally have any grounds on which to ensure herself. In spite of the fact that attack was a wrongdoing under the law, the administration scarcely implemented t when it came to local cases. Likewise, ladies were not permitted to truly have any of their own cash. The extravagances that they could appreciate were restricted and under the full oversight of what their better half would permit and pay for. In the event that the two attempted to separate, she would be left with nothing and him with a fortune. Women’s rights were taken from her when she wedded. As Elizabeth Caddy Stanton stated, â€Å"As an educator of religious philosophy, medication, or law, she isn't known. He has denied her the offices for acquiring a careful training, all universities being shut against her. † This statement speaks to how ladies were dealt with correspondingly to mediocre creatures, much as were slaves, aside from with less cold-bloodedness. They were viewed as not deserving of training. Without a doubt, as a women's activist, I accept that men were anxious about the possibility that that ladies would beat their capacities and outperform them in riches and achievement. Ladies started to battle and go to bat for themselves by instructing themselves in the law and attempting to discover escape clauses in it. One case of this was Harriet Douglas and Henry Kruger. Harriet adored Henry, yet possibly concurred o wed him when she put him under the limitations that the spouse would generally be put under. In spite of the fact that their marriage didn't work out, Harriet still lost portion of her property when they isolated, she despite everything set a norm and started a transformation for women’s rights. Stanton articulated her â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† at the first women’s rights show in Seneca Falls, New York. She proposed twelve goals to a progression of wrongs, and every one of the twelve passed. Additionally, states started passing the Married Women’s Property Act gave sign the responsibility for property they possessed before their marriage. Following that demonstration was the Earnings Act, which gave ladies the option to keep their pay and wages from their activity. In spite of the fact that women’s rights saw numerous hopeful changes in the late 1 ninth century, there was still a lot to be accomplished for uniformity. Ladies were as yet limited from various perspectives, however they had made a significant stride towards their objective. These changes would take many, numerous years to come to fruition, yet their accomplishments up to this point were wonderful and bigly affected the way of life of America. Step by step instructions to refer to Law and Society Essay, Essays

Italian Reflexive Verbs - I Verbi Riflessivi

Italian Reflexive Verbs - I Verbi Riflessivi What is an Italian reflexive action word (verbo riflessivo)? This can frequently be an abnormal point in light of the fact that, in English, action words arent regularly thought of as being reflexive, notwithstanding, in Italian, a reflexive action word is one when the activity completed by the subject is performed on a similar subject. So for instance, â€Å"I wash myself† or â€Å"I sit myself in the chair†. The subject, â€Å"I†, am doing the washing and the sitting. It’s essential to realize that not all action words are reflexive, yet there are bounty out there and each must be remembered. What Does a Reflexive Verb Resemble? So as to make an Italian action word reflexive, drop the - e of its infinitive completion and include the pronoun si. For instance, pettinare (to brush) becomes pettinarsi (to brush oneself) in the reflexive. Si is an extra pronoun, known as the reflexive pronoun, which is required while conjugating reflexive action words. Note that some reflexive action words can be utilized without the reflexive pronouns. For this situation, their importance changes: - Alzarsi to wake up/to get up Tu ti alzi. (You get up.) Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the seat.) How Do You Conjugate Reflexive Verbs? Here are a few tables of action words in the current state so you can get a thought of how reflexive action words are conjugated. Innamorarsi - To begin to look all starry eyed at Mi innamoro - I experience passionate feelings for Ci innamoriamo - We experience passionate feelings for Ti innamori - You begin to look all starry eyed at Vi innamorate - You (all) experience passionate feelings for Si innamora - He/she begins to look all starry eyed Si innamorano - They begin to look all starry eyed at Sedersi - To sit oneself/To sit down Mi siedo - I sit (myself) Ci sediamo - We sit (ourselves) Ti siedi - You sit (yourself) Vi sedete - You (all) sit (yourselves) Si siede - He/she sits (him/herself) Si siedono - They sit (themselves) Divertirsi - To have a ball/to have a ton of fun Mi diverto - I have some good times Ci divertiamo - We have some good times Ti diverti - You have some good times Vi divertite - You (all) have some good times Si diverte - He/she has some good times Si divertono - They have some good times Shouldn't something be said about With the Past Tense? At the point when you conjugate reflexive action words in the past tense, you should utilize â€Å"essere† as your helper action word. Here’s a model utilizing the action word â€Å"svegliarsi - to wake up†. Svegliarsi - To wake up Mi sono svegliato/a - I woke up Ci siamo svegliati/e - We woke up Ti sei svegliato/a - You woke up Vi siete svegliati/e - You all woke up Si svegliato/a - He/she woke up Si sono svegliati/e - They woke up Notice how the last letter of â€Å"svegliato† changes. That’s on the grounds that the completion must concur in sexual orientation and number with the subject. A List of Common Reflexive Verbs in Italian accorgersi (di) to take note addormentarsi to nod off to get up arrabbiarsi to blow up chiamarsi to be named to cover oneself divertirsi to have a great time, to live it up farsi il bagno to wash oneself farsi la doccia to wash up farsi male to get injured, hurt oneself innamorarsi (di) to become hopelessly enamored with lavarsi to wash oneself laurearsi to graduate mettersi to put (apparel) on pettinarsi to brush ones hair radersi to shave sedersi to plunk down sentirsi to feel to disrobe sposarsi (con) to get hitched svegliarsi to wake up vestirsi to get dressed Esempi Le ragazze si sono sedute. - The young ladies are sitting down.Sto cercando un posto dove sedermi un attimo. - I’m searching for a spot where I can sit for a while.Ci siamo innamorati due anni fa e ci siamo sposati un anno fa. - We experienced passionate feelings for a long time and we got hitched one year ago.Mi sono svegliato/an alle 7. - I woke up at 7.Marco fa sempre molta fatica a svegliarsi la mattina. - Marco consistently needs to battle to wake up in the morning.Chiara impiega tantissimo beat a vestirsi! - Chiara sets aside a long effort to get dressed!Tutti a lavarsi le mani prima di pranzo! - Everybody wash your hands before lunch!Mykonos à ¨ un posto ideale per divertirsi. - Mykonos is the ideal goal to have fun.Mio padre mi ha insegnato a radermi. - My father showed me how to shave.Per avere una bella pella bisogna sempre struccarsi prima di andare a letto. - In request to keep up a decent skin you generally need to take your cosmetics off before going to bed.Mi s ono laureata un anno fa. - I graduated one year ago.Ho proprio bisogno di farmi un bagno! - I truly need to wash up! Copriti bene che fuori fa freddo! - Cover yourself up on the grounds that it’s cold outside!Non ho capito come ha fatto a farsi male. - I didn’t see how he figured out how to hurt himself.

Annual College Savings Survey Results an Opportunity to Educate

The purpose of the Annual College Savings Survey was to give us a better understanding of American familiesï ¿ ½ behavior and opinions toward saving for college. As we revealed in our last blog post, misconceptions regarding 529 college savings plans continue to run rampant, especially among those who are not currently investing in one. This led us to wonder if reluctance toward using 529 plans could be due to a lack of knowledge about their functionality. New Responsibilities As 401(k) plans continue to replace defined benefit pension plans, more workers are forced to make their own investment choices when saving for retirement. Similarly, as college costs continue to surpass record levels, parents are faced with new dilemmas on how to properly invest to save for their childrenï ¿ ½s tuition. How are Americans handling these new financial responsibilities? According to the Employee Benefit Research Instituteï ¿ ½s 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey, workersï ¿ ½ confidence about being able to save for a comfortable retirement is at an all-time low. Furthermore, 36 percent of workers surveyed had less than $1,000 in retirement savings. Our College Savings Survey revealed that of the 70 percent of those who currently do not have a 529 plan have not even started saving for college. How Can We Learn? Experts agree that there is a strong need for education on financial products and services, and that the younger these topics are introduced, the better. The Presidentï ¿ ½s Advisory Council on Financial Capability For Young Americans was formed to develop ways to educate teenagers and young adults on personal finance. One resource they provide is the Money As You Grow program, which identifies important financial lessons and activities tailored to children of various age groups. Parents can also find numerous articles, apps and software available that offer creative ways to instill financial values in children. Weï ¿ ½ve even started a Pinterest board to collect ideas on teaching kids about saving. Follow us on Pinterest to see all the great resources we've gathered! Will Our Children Be Prepared? Many people also feel that financial literacy programs should be mandated in public schools. According to the Council for Economic Educationï ¿ ½s 2014 Survey of the States, only 17 states require high school students to pass a personal finance course in order to graduate. The rest are left to go on to college or the workforce with little warning regarding the consequences of not saving money or maxing out credit cards. While learning something is always better than learning nothing, some argue that the courses being offered are too broad and are not getting the message across. What Our Survey Revealed Our College Savings Survey brought to our attention that the biggest areas of confusion regarding 529 plans have to do with their effects on financial aid and ownership rights. 36 percent of those surveyed believed that savings in a 529 plan will not affect financial aid eligibility, when in fact they are assessed as a parental asset (5.6%). While this treatment is more favorable than savings vehicles that are assessed as a studentï ¿ ½s asset (20%), it is still an extra cost that should be considered. Watch this video for more information about the impacts of a 529 plan on financial aid. 39 percent of respondents answered false to the statement ï ¿ ½My child can never withdraw from the 529 plan without my permissionï ¿ ½. One of the unique benefits of a 529 plan is that the owner, not the beneficiary, has legal rights to the account. We believe preparing for the future costs of college is crucial to achieving financial independence. For many people, a tax-advantaged 529 plan offers the most effective way to build a substantial college fund. We will continue to explore areas of confusion surrounding 529 plans and offer our readers the most up-to-date solutions. If you have a specific question, our message board is a great way to connect directly with our Founder and 529 Guru, Joe Hurley. What are your thoughts on making Personal Finance courses mandatory in American high schools? Do you feel that teaching young people about saving for retirement and college would be effective? Don't miss the other posts in this series! Annual College Savings Survey results: Make the most of your savings Annual College Savings Survey results: Direct-or advisor-sold 529 plan? Annual College Savings Survey results: All that you can leave behind Annual College Savings Survey results: Common 529 plan misconceptions The purpose of the Annual College Savings Survey was to give us a better understanding of American familiesï ¿ ½ behavior and opinions toward saving for college. As we revealed in our last blog post, misconceptions regarding 529 college savings plans continue to run rampant, especially among those who are not currently investing in one. This led us to wonder if reluctance toward using 529 plans could be due to a lack of knowledge about their functionality. New Responsibilities As 401(k) plans continue to replace defined benefit pension plans, more workers are forced to make their own investment choices when saving for retirement. Similarly, as college costs continue to surpass record levels, parents are faced with new dilemmas on how to properly invest to save for their childrenï ¿ ½s tuition. How are Americans handling these new financial responsibilities? According to the Employee Benefit Research Instituteï ¿ ½s 2014 Retirement Confidence Survey, workersï ¿ ½ confidence about being able to save for a comfortable retirement is at an all-time low. Furthermore, 36 percent of workers surveyed had less than $1,000 in retirement savings. Our College Savings Survey revealed that of the 70 percent of those who currently do not have a 529 plan have not even started saving for college. How Can We Learn? Experts agree that there is a strong need for education on financial products and services, and that the younger these topics are introduced, the better. The Presidentï ¿ ½s Advisory Council on Financial Capability For Young Americans was formed to develop ways to educate teenagers and young adults on personal finance. One resource they provide is the Money As You Grow program, which identifies important financial lessons and activities tailored to children of various age groups. Parents can also find numerous articles, apps and software available that offer creative ways to instill financial values in children. Weï ¿ ½ve even started a Pinterest board to collect ideas on teaching kids about saving. Follow us on Pinterest to see all the great resources we've gathered! Will Our Children Be Prepared? Many people also feel that financial literacy programs should be mandated in public schools. According to the Council for Economic Educationï ¿ ½s 2014 Survey of the States, only 17 states require high school students to pass a personal finance course in order to graduate. The rest are left to go on to college or the workforce with little warning regarding the consequences of not saving money or maxing out credit cards. While learning something is always better than learning nothing, some argue that the courses being offered are too broad and are not getting the message across. What Our Survey Revealed Our College Savings Survey brought to our attention that the biggest areas of confusion regarding 529 plans have to do with their effects on financial aid and ownership rights. 36 percent of those surveyed believed that savings in a 529 plan will not affect financial aid eligibility, when in fact they are assessed as a parental asset (5.6%). While this treatment is more favorable than savings vehicles that are assessed as a studentï ¿ ½s asset (20%), it is still an extra cost that should be considered. Watch this video for more information about the impacts of a 529 plan on financial aid. 39 percent of respondents answered false to the statement ï ¿ ½My child can never withdraw from the 529 plan without my permissionï ¿ ½. One of the unique benefits of a 529 plan is that the owner, not the beneficiary, has legal rights to the account. We believe preparing for the future costs of college is crucial to achieving financial independence. For many people, a tax-advantaged 529 plan offers the most effective way to build a substantial college fund. We will continue to explore areas of confusion surrounding 529 plans and offer our readers the most up-to-date solutions. If you have a specific question, our message board is a great way to connect directly with our Founder and 529 Guru, Joe Hurley. What are your thoughts on making Personal Finance courses mandatory in American high schools? Do you feel that teaching young people about saving for retirement and college would be effective? Don't miss the other posts in this series! Annual College Savings Survey results: Make the most of your savings Annual College Savings Survey results: Direct-or advisor-sold 529 plan? Annual College Savings Survey results: All that you can leave behind Annual College Savings Survey results: Common 529 plan misconceptions

Managerial Accounting Essay - 630 Words

Quiz Questions for Chapter 1 1. Waverly Company paid $5,000 cash for wages of production workers. This business event would: a. increase total assets and total equity. b. increase one asset account and decrease another asset account. c. decrease total assets and total equity. d. decrease one asset account and increase an equity account. 2. Warren Company makes candy. During the most recent accounting period, Warren paid $3,000 for raw materials, $4,000 for labor, and $2,000 for overhead costs that were incurred to make candy. Warren started and completed 10,000 units of candy, of which 7,000 were sold. Based on this information, Warren would recognize which of the following amounts of expense on the income†¦show more content†¦zero. b. $3,000 c. $2,500 d. $2,000 6. Which of the following items is not a product cost? a. Cash paid for wages of production workers. b. Cash paid for salary of production supervisor. c. Cash paid for wages of a maintenance crew that cleans the manufacturing facility. d. All of the above are product costs. 7. Consolidated Company makes cardboard boxes. During the most recent accounting period Consolidated paid $60,000 for raw materials, $48,000 for labor, and $52,000 for overhead costs that were incurred to make boxes. Consolidated started and completed 400,000 boxes. Based on this information, what is the average manufacturing cost per box? a. $0.40 b. $0.56 c. $0.50 d. $0.27 8. Consolidated Company makes cardboard boxes. During the most recent accounting period Consolidated paid $60,000 for raw materials, $48,000 for labor, and $52,000 for overhead costs that were incurred to make boxes. Consolidated started and completed 400,000 boxes. Consolidated desires to earn a gross margin that is equal to 40% of product cost. Based on this information the selling price per box is: a. $0.40 b. $0.56 c. $0.50 d. $0.70 9. Which of the following is a characteristic of managerial accounting information? a. It is historically based. b. It involves continuous reporting. c.Show MoreRelatedManagerial Accounting608 Words   |  3 PagesH. Xue Managerial Accounting 2015 Spring Homework 1 (Individual Assignment, Due on 02/11) 1. Das Doors Inc. has recorded the following costs at various volumes of production: Production Volume Total Costs 600,000 $700,000 400,000 500,000 200,000 300,000 Determine the fixed cost and per-unit variable cost using High-Low method. 2. Adams Company sells a single product. The product sells for $100 per unit. The company’s variable expenses are 80% of sales and its fixed expenses total $150Read MoreRole Of Managerial And Managerial Accounting1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of managerial accounting has played a significant role in the success of businesses dating as far back as the 19th century. Service and production operations during the days of the industrial revolution were not nearly as sophisticated then as they are today. The current initial purpose of managerial accounting is comparable to its purpose throughout history. Managerial accounting has historically been useful in assisting managers with the information they need to make important decisionsRead MoreManagerial Accounting2802 Words   |  12 Pages1. Basic Concepts Product cost = Direct Labor (DL) + Direct Materials (DM) + Manufacturing Overhead (MOH) Financial accounting Managerial Accounting + Sales + Sales - COGS - Variable Costs = Gross Profit = Contribution Margin - SGA - Fixed Costs = Net Profit = Net Profit COGS (Cost of Goods Sold) is an â€Å"inventoriable cost† ( recorded in the Balance Sheet as inventory and expensed (Income Statement) when goods are sold SGA (Selling, General Administrative) areRead MoreFinancial Accounting And Managerial Accounting1613 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Both financial accounting and managerial accounting provide important information about the business process. On the one hand, financial accounting provides only financial information to its internal users and external users. On the other hand, managerial accounting basically communicates about financial and non-financial information with internal users such as managers, employees and owners of the company. In other words, managerial accounting provides information to managers who directRead Moremanagerial accounting Essay946 Words   |  4 Pages Managerial Accounting Chapter # 01 Homework 1 01) How does managerial accounting differ from financial accounting? A: Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers for use inside the organization. Financial accounting is con ¬cerned with providing information to stockhold ¬ers, creditors, and others outside of the organi ¬zation. 02) Pick any major television network and describe some planning and control activities that its managers would engage in. A: FiveRead MoreManagerial Accounting1054 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CHAPTER 1 (Introduction to Management Accounting) P-1-4A The following data were taken from the records of Clarkson Company for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. Raw Materials Factory Insurance $ 4600 Inventory 7/1/13 $ 48000 Factory Machinery Raw Materials Depreciation 16,000 Inventory 6/30/14 39,600 Factory Utilities 27,600 Finished Goods Office Utilities Expenses 8,650 Inventory 7/1/13 96,000 Sales Revenue 534,000 Finished Goods Sales DiscountsRead MoreManagerial Accounting And Its Techniques2715 Words   |  11 PagesRunning head: MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING AND ITS TECHNIQUE 1 MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING AND ITS TECHNIQUES 12 Managerial Accounting and Its Techniques Melissa Reppert BUS 630: Managerial Accounting Dr. Veliota Drakopoulou May 11, 2015 Introduction Management Accounting is an important activity within an organization. It plays several functions in any organization through the actions undertaken by management accountants. AccordingRead MoreIssues of Managerial Accounting1047 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION : Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers – that is , people inside an organization who direct or control it’s operations. Via managerial accounting managers understood that good business results come from dynamic processes , procedures and practices that are well designed and properly implemented and managed. Certified management accountants are qualified to help their fellow managers achieve good business results because they have earned an advancedRead MoreImportance of Managerial Accounting1005 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The purpose of management accounting in the organization is to support competitive decision making by collecting, processing, and communicating information that helps management plan, control, and evaluate business processes and company strategy. The interesting thing about management accounting is that it is rare to find an individual within a company with the title of â€Å"management accountant.† Often many individuals function as accountants within the organization, but these individualsRead MoreThe Purpose Of Managerial Accounting2785 Words   |  12 PagesManagerial accounting is helpful to the managers in of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting and communicating information for the pursuit of organization’s goals. It contrast with financial accounting in that later is aimed to provide information to external user of accounting information while managerial accounting it’s aimed at helping the mangers to make decision in the organization. Purpose of managerial accounting The purpose of management accounting in the organization is to support

Dissociative Identity Disorder Sybil And Primal Fear

Rachel Milbourn Dr. Ozegovic Abnormal Psychology 210 7 October 2015 Dissociative Identity Disorder: Sybil and Primal Fear In the films â€Å"Sybil,† and â€Å"Primal Fear† both characters Sybil, and Aaron seem to be suffering from dissociative identity disorder. According to Comer (2014), someone with dissociative identity disorder, or also known as multiple personality disorder establishes two or more recognizable personalities, often called alternate or sub personalities. Each personality has their own particular set of behaviors, memories, emotions and thoughts and will most likely have a primary personality that emerges more often than the other personalities. â€Å"The transition from one subpersonality to another, called switching, is usually sudden and may be dramatic. Switching is usually triggered by a stressful event, although clinicians can also bring about the change with hypnotic suggestion.† (Comer, P. 159, 2014) According to Comer, the subpersonalities of people with dissociative identity disorder all often portray startling different characteristics. They also may have their own names, different identifying features, abilities and preferences, and even physiological responses. â€Å" It is not uncommon for the different subpersonalities to have different abilities: one may be able to drive, speak a foreign language, or play a musical instrument, while the others cannot.† (Comer, P. 160, 2014) When someone with DID experiences switching of the personalities, they seem toShow MoreRelatedTrying to Understand Dissassociative Identity Dissorder Essay1967 Words   |  8 PagesTrying to Understand Dissassociative Identity Dissorder Dissociative identity disorder, more commonly known as multiple personality disorder, is one of the most intriguing and least understood of mental disorders. The publication of Sybil in 1973 created a wave of public fascination and, more importantly, professional recognition of childhood physical and sexual abuse as precipitants of the disorder. Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of ...at least two separate

The Effects Of Smoking Ban On Employees And Passive...

Investigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban Contents Investigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban 1 Aim and Objectives 1 Literature Review / Research Background 2 Research Rationale 3 Learning Outcomes 3 Study Design 4 Type of Study 4 Type of Design 4 Data Types 4 Ethics 5 Risk 5 Required Resources 5 Research Time Frame 5 References 6 Aim and Objectives The kay aim of the research is to investigate the effects of smoking ban at work place on employees and these effects may include health effects (employees and passive smokers) and any change in employees’ behaviour and smoking habits. This research aim will achieved with the help of the following specific objectives †¢ To investigate the health effects of workplace smoking ban on employees and passive smokers at work place and home †¢ To critical analyse if workplace smoking ban encourage people to quit smoking †¢ To critically analyse if workplace smoking create any work related issues at work place †¢ To make recommendations for making workplace smoking ban successful Literature Review / Research Background Workplace smoking ban is one of the important tobacco control policy and have a very mix effects at work place. In the past few years many European countries have banned smoking at workplace. It has been started from Ireland and Netherlands in 2004. In literature there are many positive views among researchers about the workplace smoking ban. 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The state of Minnesota passed a policy in 2007 that is called the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act. The policy in Minnesota’s legislation was passed to regulate where smoking tobacco is permitted in the state. The Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act (MCIAA) was first enacted in 1975 in orderRead MoreHow Can Such a Life Threatening Issue Be Overlooked So Easily?1611 Words   |  7 Pagescigarette smoke, but not all of them are smokers. Conclusive information shows, â€Å"Since the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, 2.5 million adults who were nonsmokers died because they breathed secondhand smoke† (â€Å"Health Effects†). These nonsmokers, who died from secondhand smoke related illnesses, were exposed to secondhand smoke throughout their lives in order for these illnesses to develop. 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To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesPrinter: Courier Corporation/Kendallville  © 2008, 2005 Duxbury, an imprint of Thomson Brooks/Cole, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Brooks/Cole are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—withoutRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesnormally considered as products and services, what is being marketed might include (a) ideas such as reducing air pollution or contributing to the red cross (b) people, such as new football coach or a political candidate and (c) places, such as industrial plant sites or a place to for a vocation. In a broad sense markets include more than the direct consumers of products services and ideas. Thus a state university’s market includes the le gislators who provide funds, the citizens living near the university

Disadvantages Of E Commerce - 1457 Words

Thanks to development technology, e-commerce, which has revolutionized nearly every industry in the world has become more and more popular and effect on a business and people (Bandyo-Padhyay, N. 2002). According to Bandyo-Padhyay. N (2002), it is a trendy expression that web based business performed in the right on time to the center of the 1990s and quickly turned into a typical term in the business and scholastic world. Internet business (Electronic trade) implies working business electronically which is exchanging products, services, and expertise utilizing PCs connected to each other. Nowadays, a business should respond to the growth of e-commerce, if they want to remain competitive. This essay will show the importance of e-commerce,†¦show more content†¦Another statistics of e-commerce is electronic commerce market in the United Kingdom. In the UK, the percentage of the internet user who made a purchase online in 2015 was just over 75 percent, according to Gemma (2016) and after it encouraged online sales to grow by 16.2 percent, it stood at 14.9 percent in 2016. There are many good examples of e-commerce companies, such as Amazon, Vauxhall, Tesco, Newham Online, Priceline, The Flying Noodle†¦ According to Bidgoli, H (2001), Amazon is an example of the potential of e-commerce for an entrepreneur with the right vision and it shows how a small company can be a threat to the large and established ones with the help of e-commerce. Amazon founded in 1995, this firm was the creators of e-commerce and the first to offer the book on the web. The entrepreneur of Amazon is Jeff Bezos who foresaw the fascination for the client of hunting for books to purchase on their PC or advanced mobile phone, perusing surveys and extracts on the web and choosing and purchasing without visiting the store. Besides, large companies, such as Vauxhall and Tesco have gained a rival benefit by utilizing their sites to set up better client connections and quicker development of products (Bidgoli, H. 2001). Firstly, Tesco has known quick movingShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of E-Commerce958 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract E-Commerce Ecommerce (or electrical commerce) refers to the shopping for and mercantilism of products and services via electronic channels, primarily the net. On-line retail is unquestionably convenient because of its 24-hour handiness, international reach and usually economical client service. The invention of quicker net property and powerful on-line tools has resulted in a new commerce arena – Ecommerce. Ecommerce offered several blessings to firms and customers however it additionallyRead MoreThe Pros And Disadvantages Of E-Commerce1286 Words   |  6 Pagesreveal a large shift from the number of consumers shopping in physical stores to those utilizing online storefronts and virtual market places. Quite frankly, visiting brick-and-mortar stores is becoming the old-fashion style of retail shopping. E-commerce giants, Amazon for example, make it incredibly difficult for small mom and pop shops and even billion dollar corporations such as Walmart to function at their highest possible levels. However, there are flaws in a world comprised solely of virtualRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of E-Commerce899 Words   |  4 PagesInternet, so this essay will address the problems facing old industries adapting to O2O e-commerce and will propose several solutions. How to avoid being eliminated in the new e-commerce? The traditional physical industry facing enormous challenges.O2O business model provides a solution of e-commerce in traditional physical industries. The model of O2O shopping platform refers to a business model in which the e-commerce corporations or merchants, who, through the establishment of physical stores, expandRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of E-Commerce Essay1946 Words   |  8 PagesJames Davis Advantages and Disadvantages of E-commerce Bus 107 Debra Wilson November 22, 2010 Abstract In today’s economy, business moves at a rapid pace and shows no sign of slowing down. Many of the revolutionary changes that have taken place and supplied this economic engine with fuel are due to electronic commerce. The introduction of the computer into the workplace has brought about manifold changes and seemingly unlimited possibilities for merchants. This new technology offers manyRead MoreThe Effects Of E Commerce On Global Trade1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of E-commerce in Global Trade Introduction E-commerce is a term describing a new and innovative more efficient way of doing business completely by use of the internet, to conduct trade dealings both on a national and global scale. E-commerce offers a different mode of performing trade throughout the world without the need for tangible contact between the buyer and seller. The new transaction mode of purchasing and supplying goods has become explosive in terms of efficiency, competitivenessRead MoreBusiness And Consumer E Commerce873 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Business to Consumer e-Commerce? Business to Consumer e-Commerce, also referred to as B2C, is the process of selling goods and services over the Internet rather than having a traditional brick and mortar outlet to sell such products. Businesses establish a website or electronic marketplace with multimedia catalogs, interactive order processing, protected electronic payment systems, while also offering online customer support which allow consumers to shop and purchase items in confidenceRead MoreEssay on E-commerce678 Words   |  3 Pagesways to secure electronic marketing online, there is a greater need for E-commerce. Whatis.com defines E-commerce (EC) as the â€Å"buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet. As more and more companies accept the challenge of E-commerce, e-business security and security software is becoming a factor that corporations need to meet. We will discuss what E-commerce is and how it is used and the advantages and disadvantages. Security systems for EC have four categories that include: Authentication:Read MoreQuiz on Information Systems and Outsourcing848 Words   |  3 PagesDatabase Support, Application Support and Software Support. Management Support includes Quality Management and Project Management. The following is a graphic representation of this type of a typical IS or IT organization. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. Contrary to popular opinion, the greatest advantage of outsourcing isnt cost reduction; its the ability to gain much-needed expertise and insight that a company could not otherwise get. When the advantages of outsourcing areRead MoreUsing The Latest Trends Of Business Processes1142 Words   |  5 Pagesidentify and to enumerate the benefits and disadvantages of adopting the latest trends, especially advancements in technology, in small-scale businesses. A brief summary of a scenario involving non-fictional characters is included to depict similar real-world conundrums faced by entrepreneurs. This paper first illustrates the benefits of incorporating the aforementioned trends into small-scale businesses, and then moves on to list and to discuss its disadvantages. Lastly, the paper weighs the pros andRead MoreStarting a Business Online Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This report will explain the understanding of a small, local clothing store along the Jersey Shore boardwalk that wants to engage in e-Commerce. It will identify the advantages and disadvantage of taking a small business online by performing a SWOT analysis. It will provide key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce that includes trust, culture, language, government, and infrastructure. The businesses that operate on the Web that extends a company’s reach

Critically Evaluating the Relationship Between Language...

The development of language and how these changes have impacted on learners’ literacy will be discussed throughout this essay, conveying factors such as the relationship between language and social processes, how language and literacy is influenced by personal, social and cultural factors also relating to the effects that barriers to learning have as well as shared contextual knowledge of language that learners’ have. Various other reasons for language change and development such as accents and dialect, differences between spoken and written English and the influences the internet has from social networking sites, the use of text messaging as a form of communication and the effect it has on literacy will be discussed and argued.†¦show more content†¦Cultural differences have also been noted in the ways in which language is used pragmatically. New skills are typically taught and learned through verbal instruction (Slobin, 1979). In some cultures, new skills are learned through nonverbal observation. A distinction has also been made between cultures that encourage independent learning and those that encourage cooperative learning (McLeod, 1994). Learners rely on a shared understanding of an acquired vocabulary of the Standard English language in communication, and throughout the course of a lifetime this will extend, change and vary. Throughout education, learners are given repeated experiences of the meanings of entities within certain subject areas and depending on academic development, experiences and interests, these areas will broaden. Equally, interpretation of language will develop, modify and change. As a result, knowledge of language is dependent amongst other things within the educational, socio-cultural, and geographical backgrounds, contextual knowledge of a topic and the age and gender of the learner. Therefore the interpretation and understanding of language is reliant on external sources as well as facilitating and acquiring these skills through exposure to language learning material at an academic level. (Locke, 1971) The earliest known residents of theShow MoreRelatedAction Research and Autoethnography5049 Words   |  21 Pagescoined 70 odd years ago, this methodology is described as being emergent in nature (Costello, 2011). It is a methodology which has shown to constantly develop over time through the introduction of new models, cycles and justifications for its stance in social science research. Particularly in the last 15 years, the recognition of action research as a valued methodology has changed. In 1999, Avison et al. commented that the academic community had almost totally ignored action research. Across 19 academicRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 PagesResource Management Introduction What is Strategy? What is Strategic HRM? How is Strategic HRM Different from Other Aspects of HRM? How Does Research Show that Strategic HRM Adds Value to an Organisation? How Does Strategic HRM Support the Management of Change? Who Holds the Responsibility for Strateg ic HRM? When is it Appropriate to Create a Dedicated HR Function? Vertical Integration and Human Resources Strategy Introduction What are the Benefits of Vertical Integration? How do we Promote the VerticalRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pageshow the performance management system came to the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to differentiate these two systems, employee’s performance appraisal and management system. This paper uses a review of the literature to evaluate the development of appraisal system and argues the critic areas of appraisal system. The review identified as advancement in the management field and growing complexity in corporate sectors demand more capable HR, so mare appraisal of employee’s performance isRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pages or transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical or otherwise, witho ut the prior written permission of ASX Limited. Kaplan Higher Education acknowledges the support of Morningstar, EBSCO Australia and ProQuest in the development of its course material. Welcome Congratulations on choosing to complete your postgraduate studies with Kaplan. As an accredited higher education institution we specialise in postgraduate courses in applied finance and financial planning andRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesindustrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketing research Tools and Techniques of marketing research Applications of marketing research Preparation of marketing research report Online marketing E-commerce Trends in marketing Page No. Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketingRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesenlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace

Question: Describe about the Sexual Harassment at the Workplace. Answer: 1. It is imperative that the standard of behaviour at workplace should be different from that extended in personal relationships. At the workplace, all the parties are expected to demonstrate a professional behaviour that fosters mutual respect. In order to facilitate the same, organisations frame a code of conduct so as to enhance clarity in this regard. Further, the employees may be required to sign on code of conduct so as to ensure that violation leads to punitive action (UWA, nd). This difference of behaviour is required primarily because the expectations at workplace and that in the personal relationships are significantly different. Also, the behaviour at workplace is driven by code of conduct unlike personal relationships that are driven by personal values and beliefs. Further, behaviour at workplace is driven by remuneration unlike personal relationships where there is no remuneration for behaving in a certain manner (CRNBC, nd). Besides, behaviour at workplace is also driven by a hierarchy and related authority unlike personal relationships where the power factor is relatively less significant. 2. Sexual harassment may be concluded by the court if the given individual faces any of the following (FindLaw, nd). Sexual advances that are not welcomes Sexual favour request Any conduct (verbal or physical) which is of sexual nature Sexual harassment is essentially of two types. Hostile Work Environment - Creation of an offensive work environment where harassment is done through the means of demeaning jokes, pictures, comments of sexual nature. Quid Pro Quo- Extension of job benefits like promotion, salary increments, lucrative job profile on the basis of extent of sexual favour extended. Guidelines with regards to both the above types of sexual harassment must be considered by the court (Boland, 2005). Further, in determination of unwelcomed acts, culture plays a critical role. This is primarily because certain cultures are sexually more open while others are closed. As a result, gestures which are accepted in Western culture may be considered offensive and unwelcomed in Eastern traditional and orthodox culture. Thus, in determination of sexual harassment cases the court must take into consideration a host of factors including cultural background of both victim and perpetuator, underlying situation of harassment, past records of both parties along with the company policies on this matter (Gregory, 2005). 3. It is apparent from the given case that the risk of false sexual harassment claims cannot be ruled out especially considering the high compensation that may be derived in such cases. These claims may arise from any unsatisfied employee who may indulge in such cases for vested interests such as promotion or salary increment. As a result, in order to avoid such cases, it is imperative that an impartial enquiry must be initiated where both the parties should be given chance to present their case (Boland, 2005). This should be led by an internal committee which should be headed by an external and independent social worker or legal expert. In this regard, it is required that firstly the harassed should put forward the arguments and provide the relevant proof before the investigating committee which would decide whether to probe the case further or not. The committee should not react on mere allegations and once adequate proof is provided, then the alleged harasser must be given opportunity to defend his/her position (Gregory, 2005). Further, interview of co-workers should also be done and the whole social context must be considered before arriving at any conclusion. Also, it is imperative that stringent penalties (including imprisonment, hefty fines, defamation case) should be filed against any individual filing false sexual harassment case (Burr, 2011). References Boland, M.L. (2005), Sexual Harassment at the Workplace, New York: Sphinx Publishing Burr, C. (2011), False Allegations of Sexual Harassment: Misunderstandings and Realities, Retrieved August 05, 2016, from https://www.academicmatters.ca/2011/10/false-allegations-of-sexual-harassment-misunderstandings-and-realities/ CRNBC (n.d.), Professional versus personal relationships, Retrieved August 05, 2016, from https://www.crnbc.ca/Standards/resourcescasestudies/ethics/nurseclientrelationships/boundaries/Pages/PersonalVProfessional.aspx Gregory, R. (2005), Unwelcome And Unlawful: Sexual Harassment in the American Workplace, New York: Cornell University Press FindLaw (n.d.), Sexual Harassment: What is it?, Retrieved August 05, 2016, from https://employment.findlaw.com/employment-discrimination/sexual-harassment-what-is-it.html UWA (n.d.), University Policy on Professional and Personal Relationships in the workplace, Retrieved August 05, 2016, from https://www.hr.uwa.edu.au/policies/policies/equity/professional-and-personal-relationships-in-the-workplace

Australian Tax Laws Capital Gain Tax

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Tax Lawsfor Capital Gain Tax. Answer: Introduction As per the provision of Australian tax laws, if person is resident in the country, he would be eligible to claim all the benefits that are related and applicable on a resident as provided in the law. In the given case, Fred has entered into a contact where he has agreed to ale out his holiday home at Blue Mountains. In agreement of sale he has received $800,000 in February In relation to ensure that the sale took place, he has incurred legal fees of $1100 (Inclusive of GST) and real estate agents commission of $9,900 (Inclusive of GST). The holiday home that has been sold by him above was purchased in the year 1987 for $100,000. Fred in addition to the purchase consideration paid $2,000 as stamp duty on the transfer and $1000 as legal fees. In the 1990, he further incurred $20,000 on building of a garage on the property. For an individual there are majorly two sources of income one is the ordinary income and the one is the income from sale of capital asset. The income from ordinary sources refers to the income that has been earned by the person form the normal course of operations. For example: The income that an individual has earned from carrying out the normal day to day business operations are covered under the definition of ordinary income. On the other hand, the capital gain refers to the income that the person has earned from the sale of capital assets. The definition of capital asset whose income earned is defined in the income tax law. Any loss that has been booked by the person in the prior years from sale of capital asset can be carried forward and could be set off from the capital gain income that has been earned by the person in the coming years. Further being time is money, the sale of capital assets enjoys the benefit of indexation, the indexation bases has been determined by the incom e tax act and based on the same the purchase price of the asset is inflated and thus accordingly the capital gain or loss is determined. Further, any cost that has been incurred by the person in bringing the asset into a saleable form will form part of the purchase consideration and would be deducted will calculating the capital gain or loss from the asset. For a person who has been covered in the definition of resident, any capital gain that has been earned by him in anywhere in the world would be covered in the definition of capital gain as per Australian tax laws and would be taxed in the hands of the assessee. In the given case, Fred has received $800,000 has sales proceeds in return for the holiday home. He has incurred legal fees of $1100 (Inclusive of GST) and real estate agents commission of $9,900 (Inclusive of GST). Thus, in total $11,000 will be considered as cost and will be reduced from the sales proceeds at times of computing the capital gain on the property. No credit will be allowed for the GST portion being Fred is an individual who would not be eligible to claim any benefit for input GST credit. As per the provision of Australian tax laws, if any capital gain has been earned by a person from his main residence, the same would be exempt from the tax law. In the given case, it has been provided that the house at the Blue Mountains is a holiday home for Fred, thus the same would not be regarded as main residence, and hence the same would be taxable in the hands of Fred. Particular Amount Sales Proceeds of Holiday Home $ 800,000 Less: Legal fees paid $ (1,100) Less: Agent commission $ (9,000) Purchase consideration (After indexation) $ (186,536) Capital Gain $ 603,364 Particular Amount Purchase consideration (before indexation) $ 100,000 Stamp duty $ 2,000 Legal Fees $ 1,000 Building of Garage $ 20,000 Total cost $ 123,000 CPI for quarter ending 30 September 1999 68.7 CPI for quarter in which expenditure was incurred 45.3 Purchase consideration (After indexation) $ 186,536 Fred has some $10,000 worth of capital loss from sale of shares that he has booked in the last year. In that case, as per the provision of Australian tax laws, an individual can carry forward the capital loss that he/she has incurred in the prior years and can offset the same in the year in which they have made capital gain. However, there are some exemptions which need to be considered prior to offsetting the capital loss of the prior years. These exemptions are discussed below: Any capital loss that has arisen from sale of personal assets. Any capital loss arising from sale of exempt assets like s car and motor cycles, Any capital loss arising from sale of antiques, paintings and other collectibles. Now, in the given case, Fred has incurred losses from sale of shares in the last year, being sale of shares does not form part of the above list, thus, Fred can set off the losses from the capital gain made in the current year. Further, if the loss would have incurred on sale of some antique vase, then in that case no loss would be set off being the same fall under the definition of exemption discussed above. References ATO, Exemption to Capital gain tax, viewed on 25th Sept 2016, https://www.ato.gov.au/General/capital-gains-tax/cgt-exemptions,-rollovers-and-concessions/exemptions/ ATO, Indexation to Capital gain tax, viewed on 25th Sept 2016, https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Calculating-a-capital-gain-or-loss/The-indexation-method-of-calculating-your-capital-gain/ ATO, Exemption to Capital loss carry forward, viewed on 25th Sept 2016, https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/Working-out-your-capital-gain-or-loss/Working-out-your-net-capital-gain-or-loss/#capital_losses_you_must_disregard

Essay Writing - The Best MyTest Sample Essay

Essay Writing - The Best MyTest Sample EssayBestMyTest offers a series of samples for its test preparation services. You can use the samples in your tests and this could lead to the passing of the test. To pass the tests, you need to be careful and prepare accordingly.First of all, you should analyze your level of knowledge about the topic. The essay will have a brief introduction which can be used as basis for the whole essay. Since you are writing an essay, you should have some idea about the content of the essay before you start the writing process. By knowing the content, you will be able to finish the project in a short time. You should also know about the number of pages in an essay.The next step in the process is to find the test. It can be either the local or the national level. Before the test, you can prepare a test outline which should be easy to follow.After the test, you should find the answers in the outline you prepared. After you found the answers, you should review t he questions and try to find out the correct answer. In order to get the right answer, you should check if the point is clearly stated in the outline.You should also make the preparations before the test. You should check for the pace of the test and write your essays in a way that they will be easy to do. This is very important so that you will be able to finish the entire project in a short time.After the test, you should be familiar with the material. Since you have studied the material thoroughly, you can find the questions easily. The best way to do this is to look for the practice sheets or the sample essays which are available on the websites of the company.Another way is to use the test guide which is provided by the company in order to help you in the preparation for the test. This will allow you to know about the topics and will help you to be familiar with the topics before the test. You should keep your references and the questions and answer them in order to keep yourse lf updated.The essay is a significant part of the test and you should be careful in writing the essay. If you do not pay attention to the preparation and if you fail to complete the project in time, it will result in the failure of the essay. So, it is necessary for you to take care of all these aspects to pass the test in a short time.

Florida Panther Essays - Great Florida Birding Trail,

Florida Panther As the deer fed at the marsh's edge, it's tail flickering as it nibbled tender and ripe green growth. Then the nervous animal pauses in it's feeding and lifted its head to listen. Whatever hint of danger the deer had sensed was ignored once the threat could not be located. It stamped a forefoot, lowered its head and began to eat once more, this deer had failed to detect a Florida panther that was downwind (going into the wind) crouched low in the underbrush. Amber eyes however, estimated the distance between himself and the deer. Then at the right moment attacked the deer, with bounds at over twenty feet at a time the panther exploded out of the underbrush pouncing on the deer and forcing it to the ground. Within fifteen seconds that panther stood breathing heavily over his unfortunate victim of life and death. This scene has been going on for many years, the battle of predator and prey, but know the new predators are humans almost virtually wiping out the entire population leaving o nly an estimated 30 - 50 Florida panthers left. Should the environmental leaders of Florida protect the Florida panther? The people of Florida think so, and that is why they named it their state animal. This panther is one of about thirty subspecies of Felis concolor. The subspecies, coryi is one of the rarest and most endangered animals in the world. Panthers, also called pumas, cougars, screamers, and mountain lions, once ranged from the southern end of South America into Canada. In appearance the Florida panther is similar to other panthers, however this rare subspecies has several distinct characteristics such as, white flecks on the shoulders, a cowlick on the back (a cowlick is a tuft of hair that cannot easily be flattened) and a crook in the tail. This is formed by the last three bones in the tail, that is bent forming the stump on the end. Panthers have an average length of six to nine feet from the nose to the tip of tail, stand up to twenty-eight inches in height, and weigh from fifty to one hundred-thirty pounds. These panthers are solitary and territorial animals and seldomly live together except for mating season. Following an approximate 90 day gestation period the females are more sedentary once the usual two to three kittens are born, but more than one kitten rarely survives and that is another reason for the low panther count. Florida panthers live in three main areas, Everglades National Park, Big Cypress National Preserve (just North of the Everglades) and the Fakahatchee Strand which is a dense water downed jungle West of the Big Cypress. A cypress is a long, thin stretch of tropical hardwood swaps. In the Everglades National Park Florida panthers are most concentrated in an area called the Hole in the Donut. Although there are some panthers living in the Everglades the Big Cypress Swap is more to their liking and because of this there are more panthers in the Big Cypress than in the Everglades. Since the majority of the panther population is in the Big Cypress, hunters are upset with some of these efforts such as the ban of all hunting dogs, all-terrain vehicles and airboats in the preserve which are to help aid the survival of the panther. Because unlike the Everglades where hunting of deer and boar is allowed, in the Big Cypress it is not, and the Big Cypress is fully stocked with both of those anima ls. Tom Logan who is chief of wildlife research for the Florida Game and Freshwater Fish Commission stated that civilization is the main threat to the survival of the panther. The panthers are being wiped out along with their homeland that is being surrounded by new and upcoming developments. Specifically, the highway is the biggest threat to the Florida panther. Nine panthers have been killed in the last eight years. Plans to complete Interstate - 75 by making it a two-lane toll road called Alligator Alley were put on hold because of the community's concern for the panther. Floridians are also looking into building a panther safe tunnel going under busy throughways for the animal to make safe

Attitude Crocodile tourism is one of the most famo Essays

Attitude Crocodile tourism is one of the most famo Essays Attitude Crocodile tourism is one of the most famous adventure tourism in the world that attracts a lot of tourist to visit Australia. The huge amount of tourists brings a lot of benefits to Australia, which includes huge amount of revenue for local government and tourist operators and great reputation in tourist industry under the economic downturn environment. However, the most famous tourism also result in some negative impacts breaking the ecological equilibrium and threatening local people ' s life. Therefore, it is hard for people to judge weather crocodile tourism is positive or not. Some individuals and environmental organizations considered that the crocodile tourism should be prohibited. On the other side, tourism operators will try their best to protect their profit as well. In order to retain the substantial income but reduce the negative impacts, negotiating and cooperation is the essential part that both sides need to attempt and put effort Beginning The most obvious and significant problem is the crocodiles becomes more aggressive and fearless to human, which is threatening people ' s life significantly. Due to the crocodile tourism, crocodiles are more familiar with boats and attracted by boats, further more, more humans were killed by crocodiles than before. According to the news, in 2014, saltwater crocodiles killed four Territorians in the Northern Territory, which is almost one-fifth of the total 21 people killed since 1974(NT News, 2014). The crocodile tourism has pushed not only natives closer to the dangerous but also backpackers. There were 31 victims on the list since 1990, all of them were killed by crocodiles in Australia, and there were many tragedies have not been recorded(C. Garry, 2011). The reasons why crocodiles attack human are multiple, which include territory defense, nest defense, self defense, food and by accident(C. Garry, 2011). To be more specific, crocodile is ec tothermic which means cold blood. They always become active when temperature increase, because they depends on solar energy. However, people are also prefer to travel during the warm period. Thus, season also could be summed as a factor(H. Melissa, 2015). Indeed, there are many factors result in crocodile attack, but , the core reason is the development of crocodile tourism and human ' s improper behaviors, over feeding and habitat lose changed crocodile ' s habits. Meanwhile, with the development of crocodile tourism, there are more chance for human to approach crocodile which means the situation could be worse in the future. Consider again The crocodile attack is not only threatening human ' s life, but also itself. Revenge kills are common in any place. According to the news report, in 2014, a African man killed crocodile after one month when his family was killed by crocodiles (H. Melissa, 2015). Further more, crocodile attack makes crocodile get a really bad reputation, which makes many innocent crocodile have been killed. In Australia, after a boy was missing, the authority in Australia issued a shoot-to-kill order on any crocodile bigger than two meters(H. Melissa, 2015). Thus, the bad reputation have put crocodile into a really dangerous edge. Some of the crocodiles are endangers species such as Philippine and Orinoco crocodile. However, most people do not have the knowledge of the crocodile, they will not consider them as Philippine and Orinoco, the only name of them is crocodile ' , the dangerous killer in the world. Therefore, the crocodile tourism has aggravated contradictions between human and crocodile to some extent. Definition of Stakeholders In order to define the stakeholders, it is better to look through the whole benefit chain in the crocodile tourism. On one hand, as an profitable industry, tourist industry is playing an essential role in Australia economy. According to the rep ort, during the period from 2013 to 2014, tourism has bring $102 billion income to Australia(Annual Report, 2013-14), which is a such big number. In the case, it also mentioned that in the decline trend of tourism industry, crocodile tourism still can remain a successfully number of visitors. So, we can find how much important is crocodile tourism for the tourism operators and the related industries such as hotel and catering industry, even many sole traders rely on the crocodile tourism. On the other hand, tourists also earn

Whitman V. America Trucking Associations, Inc Essay

Whitman V. America Trucking Associations, Inc - Essay Example In a review conducted by EPA, it revealed that public health can be improved by lowering emission standards for ozone and particulates. The fine particles found in air pollution can cause premature death and chronic bronchitis. On the other hand, ozone can cause lung inflammation and prolonged exposure may cause permanent damage to the lungs. Both pollutants are considered as health hazards since they are closely associated with increased hospital admissions and can cause respiratory problems like asthma and respiratory tract infection. EPA lowered the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) which was challenged by industry groups for failure to account the cost of compliance. The Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the industry groups. Hence, appeal was made by EPA. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the constitutionality of EPA’s delegated power to set national air quality standards for the protection of the public from harmful effects of air pollution, without conside ring the economic costs of implementing the standards. The quality standards set forth by EPA is imbued with public interest for the protection of the nation’s health and safety. The High Court ruled that there was no violation of the non-delegated doctrine and EPA acted within the bounds of the delegated power. The key issue in this case is whether or not the (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) has the delegated legislative power to enact new regulations and set national air quality standards for the protection of the public from harmful effects of air pollution. Under Section 109(b)(1) of the CAA (Clean Air Act) enacted by Congress, it empowered the EPA to set ambient air quality standards and promulgate regulations for identified air pollutants.  When the EPA reviewed this information after five years, the EPA issued an amendment to the Act in Section 109(b)(1), requiring the EPA to set air quality standards necessary for the protection of public health à ¢â‚¬Å"the attainment and maintenance of which are request to protect the public health with an adequate margin of safety.† Plaintiff American Trucking Associations, Inc. brought suit in the District Court for the District of Columbia and argued that the amendment is unconstitutional while at the same time questioned the delegated legislative power to the EPA. The district court held that the CAA did not provide any â€Å"intelligible principles† to the EPA for enacting new regulations, and suggested that the EPA could avoid unconstitutionality by adopting a more restrictive version of Sec. 109(b)(1). The Court of Appeals (D.C. Circuit Court) ruled otherwise by stating that the standard making procedure delegated by Congress to the EPA to set air quality was an unconstitutional and runs counter with Article I, Section I of the U.S. Constitution because it found that the EPA had construed the statute to afford no "intelligible principle" to direct the exercise of authorit y of the agency. EPA misinterpreted the statute believing that the agency can exercise of authority and implement a national ambient air quality standard. The district court remanded the regulation to the EPA for review, and the agency appealed. The Court of Appeals agreed with the district court, thus, prompting Whitman and the EPA appealed to the US Supreme Court. The ruling of the Supreme Court found that degree of agency discretion that is acceptable varies according to the scope of the power conferred to it by the legislature. Administrative agencies, like EPA, are not given full discretion and blanket authority when faced with all-encompassing regulatory

DISCIPLESHIP MINISTRIES Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

DISCIPLESHIP MINISTRIES - Research Paper Example This is the reason why God sent His only Son Jesus Christ to come and save humankind from sins. We also learn that the great mission of God began in the Old Testament, where God makes promises with the People of Israel and is fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ’s ministry and the Holy Spirit2. The death of Jesus showed God’s power over sins and His resurrection showed his power of death and marking the beginning of a new chapter those who believes in Him. The church plays a central role in ensuring that God’s redemptive mission is accomplished through worship, discipleship, fellowship, evangelism, and ministry. Jesus considered discipleship as an important thing that every Christian should be part of, which according to Him involves three steps namely going, baptizing, and teaching3. Below are the scriptural foundations for our discipleship: Mark 8:34-38: Jesus spoke to His disciples saying, if any of you want to be my follower, you must forget about yourself. You must take up your cross and follow me. If you want to save your life, you will destroy it. But if you give up your life for me and for the good news, you will save it. What will you gain, if you own the whole world but destroy yourself? What could you give to get back your soul? Don’t be ashamed of me and my message among these unfaithful and sinful people! If you are, the Son of Man will be ashamed of you when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels (Mark 8:34-38)4. The Gospel according to John Chapter 15, Jesus says to His disciples, I am the vine, and you are the branches. If you stay joined to me, and I stay joined to you, then you will produce lots of fruit. But you cannot do anything without me. . . . Stay joined to me and let my teachings become part of you. Then you can pray for whatever you want, and your prayer will be answered. When you become fruitful disciples of mine, my Father will be honored (John Chap. 15)5. In Matthew

The culture and management Essay Example for Free

The culture and management Essay Sifangs recruitment of the length of time is fairly flexible from the three months minimum period to the 15 months maximum. From the previous experience, Sifang usually prepares three months necessary to advertise and fill a vacancy if no difficulties were encountered because there was nothing specific to contribute the timescale being longer. There are three stages of the recruitment process that influenced the timescales: creating and defining the position, advertising, and security checks. Recruitment success ratio in Sifang is very high because of the excellent HR department. The main reason is that the Sifangs recruitment advertisements only appear on the power system automatic protection field. The advertisements try to attract candidates who work in this field and fit the companys person specification. Another important reason is the HR department have a carefully selection process such as shortlist, interview, and probation which can reduce the failure rate. The culture and management style of Sifang  Organisational culture is a system of knowledge and standards for believing, evaluating and understanding etc that serve to environmental backgrounds (Allaire and Firsirotu 1984), which will help with the decision making and determine how the business is run. The organisations culture is very much concerned with the way in which people in the organisation interact with each other, and the typical patterns of interactions that have developed over time. Sifangs organisational culture focuses on honesty, responsibility and professional skills. Meanwhile, Sifang provides a broad stage for personal development. They always keeps in mind that qualified employees, endless self-challenging and management renovation construct the only bridge to success for a high- tech enterprise.  From the above description it can be seen that the main organisational culture in Sifang is task culture. Task culture focuses on full fulfilling the needs of the organisation and its problems by working in groups. Expertise creativity and flexibility is therefore important. This culture encourages the staffs to take more responsibility and power. Teams will have input when determining how a job will be done and their views and opinions will be listened to. For managers to be effective, they need to develop a style of management which suits the culture of the organisation. There are many different styles of management and four main styles are recognised as being effective if used at the right time and under the right conditions which are autocratic management, consultative management, democratic management, and laissez-faire management. The management style is mainly used in Sifang is consultative. The managers of the company tend to seek other employees within the company for advice before making decisions. This type of managers tends to aim to draw on more sources of opinion than just him/herself. The consultative managers will have good listening and also the capability to create the right communication channels to allow him/her to consult with other employees easily. For instance, as part of the consultative management style, Sifang uses suggestion boxes, which makes it easier for employees with new ideas to express their ideas without feeling intimidated. Managers also established an award to encourage staffs who have better suggestions and ideas. These methods bring many advantages to the company. On the other hand, sometimes the Sifangs head office takes the autocratic management style. It trend to give instructions to set the objectives and targets to staffs rather than asking them for their opinions in some situations. The company takes external recruitment because the top managers believe that the company hardly recruit candidates inside business because it will cause another vacancy will be created which might have to be filled. In the case, the head office/manager is the only one contributing to the decision-making process. The recruitment process is a part of the total organisational strategy plan for business growth. The managers of Sifang believe that market competition ultimately is enterprise talent competition. Therefore, they have attached most importance to recruit talent from its founding. Sifangs organisational culture can impact the process by taking prudent steps. The company only advertises its recruitment on the power system automatic protection field because the culture focuses on professional skills. The honesty, responsibility features can build a good reputation to candidates to make an earlier contribution to the hiring organisation. Overall, the recruitment process in Sifang has become a model of the values and methods to develop the organisation to run in an optimally human way. The recruitment of staff is a mixture of both consultative and autocratic management styles in Sifang. On the one hand, through consultative management, managers can always understand what the companys need on the recruitment. On the other hand, the head office autocratically set how much can be spent on the staffs. In the process, the final decisions are only made by managers under the autocratic management. When candidates are in the probation, the HR department only considers the feedback which comes from their managers and ignores the opinions of the candidates colleagues. Compare with the other companys recruitment in the same industry, Dongfang Electronics Information Industry Group Co., Ltd (Dongfang), which is a competitor of Sifang. There are some differences because of the different management styles. Sifang has never recruit staffs from internal environment because of the autocratic management style. On the contrary, Dongfang has approached democratic management style and the company takes a mixture of both internal and external recruitment after group discussion. Conclusion The report described and appraise the recruitment process of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd (Sifang) through analysisd its strengths, weakness, timescales, and success ratio. The companys culture, management style and how these impact in the recruitment process have also be introduced. As I come to a conclusion, I may reiterate the importance of a recruitment process to a business. Without it, corporations and organisations will run the risk of having unskilled employees and having a low profit margin. To hire people effectively, the HR department must think about the company needs over a longer period rather than simply getting next weeks job done. And also, the companys organisational culture and management styles can impact the recruitment process in both positive and negative way. References Barber, A.E. (1998) Recruiting employees: Individual and Organizational Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications  Barclay, J. (1999) Employee Selection: A question of Structure,  Beardwell, L. Holden, L. (2001) Human Resource management: a contemporary approach. Third Edition, London, FT Prentice Hill  Brown, A. (1995) Organisational Culture. London, Pitman Publishing.

My Adventure in Greece :: Personal Narrative Place

My Adventure in Greece I topped the hill, and looked back down the narrow, winding street, winded. My grandparents were still straggling up. I told my uncle that we should wait for them, and he agreed, reluctantly. He was used to the steep slopes and uneven sidewalks of the Athenian back streets, and didn't quite realize that visitors found them more than a little challenging -- especially after exploring the Acropolis most of the day. I should have been tired; I'd been climbing all day, since around eight that morning, and we were just finishing the forty-five minute, up-hill-and-down-dale walk back to the American School of Archeology. Despite a nightly average of five hours of sleep over the last week or so, I felt like I could go on forever. There was so much to see and discover -- new things to try, ancient ones to visit -- and only a few more days of this amazing vacation left! My grandparents caught up, and we continued, leap-frog fashion, up the remaining streets to our destination. When we did reach my uncle's room in the American School, I had time to realize that I was more tired than I had wanted to admit. Why was it that I could do so much here, in Greece, when at home I'd be exhausted and begging to rest after finishing just half of the climbing that I was doing every day now? What was the difference? I refused to believe that the food, full of olive oil as it was, could change my stamina this drastically. Nor was it the hot climate. Still, here I was climbing forty-five grade -- and greater -- inclines in ninety degree heat when, under the same conditions in Wilkes-Barre, I would be hiding from high temperatures in the nice, cool basement and avoiding all activity. I thought back to the Acropolis and the view of Athens sprawled at my feet, of the great, symetrical Parthenon, and the graceful Keryatids of the Erectheon. I remembered the tiny temple of Isis on the desert-like island of Delos, and high, windy Ancient Thira on Santorini. Yes, seeing, visitin g, touching those ancient masterpeices was thrilling, but even walking down -- or up -- the dustiest, most winding street in Athens was a treasured experience in itself. But the streets in Athens were paved with asphalt just like the roads in Dallas or Exeter.

Pasadena Foursquare Church Kitchen Renovation Project Essay

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of Risk Management 1.1.1 Knowing and Controlling Risks to Project Assets The process of Risk Management instituted tothe Project with knowledge and control over the risk position of the project. Not all identified risks can be removed. The likelihood of surpassing requirements can be traded off against the risk of surpassing the budget constraints. Risk Management is a process used to balance the project risk position across all project resource areas, controlling the distribution and magnitude of the identified risks against the cost constraints while obtaining the best possible confidence in achieving high project performance return. 1.2 Risk Management is a Project Team Effort 1.2.1 Integral Part of Project Implementation It is intended that Risk Management be an essential element in the Project Manager’s tool kit. This involves considering risk at the very beginning of the project conceptualization. The key features of risk management (RM) activity within the project are: 1.Managed risks are essential elements of the project management control process 2.Cognizant personnel accept the time imposed to develop and maintain the risk list 3.Project Management Team plans the effort and the Project Manager takes ownership of the plan 4.Risk status reports are integral to the project review process 5.Effective metrics are identified and delivered per the plan to all stakeholders These activities require require commitment from the project manager, and the Risk Representative. 1.2.2 A Team Effort Risk Management is a team effort. The project Risk Representative is the coordinator of the risk management activity. All members of the project team have important roles in identifying, assessing, and tracking risk, and in identifying the possible approaches to dealing with risks that are  necessary for the project to make good risk decisions. Risk decisions are supported by analyses and recommendations from the project team, but are ultimately made by the Project Manager in the same manner as all cost, schedule and performance impact decisions are made. 1.2.3 Integrated Risk View The Risk List developed and managed through the RM Process is a composite of the risks being managed by all elements of the project. It includes in one place the management view for risks from independent assessments, reviews, QA inspections, principles and policy, risk reviews, and residual risks from all project actions. Only in this way can it be managed as a comprehensive assessment of the liens on all project resource reserves, which allows optimized decisions to use these reserves to mitigate risks. 2. OBJECTIVES 2.1 Objectives of Risk Management The overall objective of Risk Management is to identify and assess the risks to achieving project success, and to balance the mitigation of these risks (and hence the additional cost) against the acceptance and control of these risks (and hence a possible higher degree of project performance objectives). To further these objectives, the Project Management process involves identifying risks to the success the project, understanding the nature of these risks, individually and in total, and acting to control their impact on the success of the project. 3. RISK MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1Risk Risk is defined as: The combination of the likelihood of occurrence of an undesirable event and the consequence of the occurrence. This combination results in a risk severity, which is:  A measure of the risk magnitude. The higher risks dictate greater attention and urgency for action to mitigate. Risk severity is also influenced by the urgency of applying effective mitigations. Primary Risk is: A risk which rates high on the severity scale – generally high levels of  likelihood and consequence A specific risk to a project, identified in this process as a risk item, has four components, namely the undesirable event the likelihood of occurrence the severity of the consequences of the occurrence the timeframe in which mitigation decisions are required Residual Risk is: An accepted performance or safety risk, which remains after all possible or practical measures have been taken to reduce the severity. The term is especially used in identifying the risk remaining from all discrepancies dispositioned as â€Å"Use As Is† or â€Å"Repair† and accepted single failure points, or other decisions made which leave less than complete closure. The project risk position is defined as: The aggregate of the assessments of the individual risk items for the project, including the decisions made to mitigate, accept and control, or take additional risk. It is a goal that this risk position be measurable relative to project reserves. 3.1.2Risk Management In this context, risk management is defined as: An organized means of planning the risk management activity (Planning), identifying and measuring risks relevant to the Project (Identification and Assessment), identifying, selecting and implementing measures for controlling these risks so as to control the project risk position (Decision-Making), and tracking the decisions made and the evolving risk status (Tracking). Project reserves can be identified in different ways and are managed by a number of effective tools and methods. The Risk Management methodology looks at two aspects of the Project risk position – the risk to resource reserves and the measure of the project success criteria. The Risk Management methodology is based on the project risk position, which is the understanding of the â€Å"knowable† risk, while acknowledging that there are inherent â€Å"unknown† risk possibilities in any project, and must be acknowledged when judging adequacy of the reserves. 3.1.3 Significant Risk A significant risk is a risk considered by the Project Manager to require  focused attention by the Project Management Team on a regular basis. This group is largely but not necessarily identically the group of yellow and red risks in the 5X5 risk matrix, although some green risks may be included if their mitigation time frame is near-term. These are also generally the risks which are reported at the regular monthly status reviews. The Significant Risk List (SRL) is the subset of all the project isks which are significant risks. Not all risks in the project risk are significant risks, but all risks should be rated according to the 5X5 matrix 3.2 Consequence Categories of Risk Risk consequences are assessed against three fundamental categories – called consequence categories 1.The threat to achieving schedule 2.The threat to achieving Scope or Project Performance Success Criteria 3. The threat to the project budget These categories may be expanded or added-to – for instance, impact on facilities, or church activities ..etc. 3.3 The 5X5 Matrix This project has adapted the 5X5 Risk Matrix, which defines the criteria for assessing risk likelihood and consequence for both project and implementation risk. Primary risks are generally considered to be those in the red zone of the 5X5 matrix. 3.4 The Elements of the Risk Management Process The Activities of the Risk Management Process for this project are described as: 1.Identifying and characterizing risks 2.Prioritizing or ranking risks 3.Developing potential project responses to risks 4.Making decisions utilizing existing resources to restructure the program to reduce the potential effect of the risks 5.Tracking the evolving risk exposure and iterating the above actions as needed 6.Developing a plan for the above activities throughout the project life-cycle Each element of the Risk Management process requires interactions among the project team, and the process provides methodology and tools to enable effective communication and documentation. The Figure Below shows a process flow for the activity of risk management in the process. 3.5 Risk Management in the Project Life-Cycle The figure above shows the periods of activity, and generally the times of inputs/outputs of the Risk Management Process, within the project life-cycle. Each Risk Management element extends through the entire life-cycle, and the majority of effort shifts from planning through identification and assessment, decision making, to tracking as the project risk position changes and evolves. While the risk management process is serial, there is significant iteration and updating as the project progresses and matures and thus the identified risks change, are realized or retired, and new risks arise. As risk matures, probability of occurrence and/or impact will change. Risks can reduce to the level of insignificance, where they are retired, or can increase to point of occurrence, or realization. Also, new risks can and will be identified throughout the project life-cycle. The Risk Management process considers and responds to all of these outcomes by returning to earlier activities for reconsideration and update. The project’s Risk Management process can change significantly for operations, since more of the risk attention will be associated with human factors, and an update to the RM Plan may be needed. 4. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN PLANNING 4.1 Understanding Risk in the Planning/ Proposal Phase The Project Management Team works to define the requirements and time frames of the project. The pre-project activity involves concept defininition and exploratation with decisions made in the Project team as to the scope and budget with which the â€Å"Plan & Design† Stage Begins. In the Plan & Design Stage Each Project Task is analyzed by the Project Team and â€Å"Make Or Buy† Decisions are Madke based on the availibillity of Qualified Volunteers in the church community. Buy Decisions are made for each outstanding activity. Rough Designs are formulated by the project team calling on Subject Matter Experts as required. Rough Order of Magnitude estimations are made on the cost of each task. RFPs are released to potential contract or volunteer candidates. Proposals are received and Reviewed by the Project Team. The Designs are finalized, Schedules and budgets made and the Work Break down sturcture and Gant Charts are updated with the project â€Å"Base Line† is  established. It is at this point that the Risk List is established by the Project Team, Pulling inforomation from contractors, Subject Matter Experts and the Experience and judgement of the Project Team. The Risk List can then be used to identify the most attractive of a number of options in contractor selection, Design Changes, Scope Schedule, Buget Needs. In addition to performance and needed resources, risk should be a major consideration in justifying the chosen options. This requires specific identification of the apparent risks in each option – mitigating them if possible in the process of maturing each option The relative weights of the risks combine with the weights of the performance and resource assessments in selecting the option to go forward. Fig 4-1 Accounting for Risk in Project Formulation 4.2 Using Risk in Establishing Reserves In establishing the budget reserves for the project to be confirmed at the â€Å"Permitting† Phase, risks are used to define the risk exposure of the budget. Rrisks that are identified in the Planning Phase can be assessed for the potential cost, should they occur. This requires quantification of the risk consequence (in $) and the risk likelihood. 4.5The Preliminary Risk Management Plan At the end if Planning Phase, Preliminary RM Plan is drafted. The plan will consist of all of the Risks associated with the poject and a specific plan for controlling Each SRL risk identified 5. RISK MANAGEMENT IN IMPLEMENTATION 5.1 Risk Management Planning The SRL will be reviewed and updated weekly by the Project Management Team. Montly Status will be reported to all of the stakeholders. New Risks will probably imerge as the project progresses. Oportunity will be made to the Project Management Team Includint the Projec QA representative to add new risks the project Risk List. 5.1.1 Risk Mitigations The following subjects are considered when documenting Risk Mitigations. a)Map the project success criteria and project objectives into an overall  approach to risk Reflecting the prioritization of performance of project objectives and constraints, and weights the emphasis on the following: avoiding risk, by minimizing risk through redesign, alternative developments, parallel developments, large margins, additional equipment to buffer constrained schedules, etc.; accepting risk, by developing contingency plans and margin management criteria for exercising those plans, and/or allowing descope/ reduction in Project Performance return to trade against cost, schedule, and other resources; or taking risk, by finding and incorporating high potential performance/cost/schedule benefits with acceptable additional risk to reserves or margins. . 5.2 Risk Identification and Assessment 5.2.1 Identification and Assessment Requirements The requirements in identification and assessment are to identify the risk items, to describe them sufficiently to allow assessment and decision-making, to identify practical mitigation approaches, and to develop the Significant Risk List (SRL), which is a list of the identified risks to the project and their decision-enabling data 5.2.2 Risk Description Effective risk descriptions identify the root source of the risk concern (the Risk Condition), the event that is feared (Risk Event), and the risk Consequence to the project. The format is generally: â€Å"Because of (the condition giving risk to the risk), it is possible that (such and such event) will occur, with the consequence that (describe the impact – e.g. delivery â€Å"n† weeks late, loss of â€Å"xyz† performance capability, need to build another component, etc.)† Another, less favored, descriptive format sometimes used is: â€Å"If (such and such an event) occurs due to (the condition that †¦), then (describe the impact†¦)† Sometimes there will be further words needed to describe the uncertainty, explain why the condition is present, and what other factors are need to be considered and why. 5.2.3 Inputs When the pre-formulation or early formulation phase feasibility demonstration and scope definition results have been approved, the required inputs for Risk Identification can be assembled. The information needed for identifying and assessing risk include at least preliminary versions of: Requirements and Project Success Criteria Project Management Plan Project Requirements Risk Management Plan Staffing Plan/ key personnel Schedule/ Schedule drivers Budget/ budget drivers 5.2.4 Identifying Risk Items 5.2.4.1 Risk Identification Methodology The first step in developing the risk list is generally a brain-storming activity where potential risk items are identified by the key project personnel. These risks are characterized by two parameters – the likelihood of an adverse event and the consequences of that event. Whenever a potential risk is submitted for consideration, it is accompanied by estimates of these two parameters. The risks are identified by the â€Å"experts† in the specific subject of the risk item – that is, the key personnel submit candidate risks in their project areas of expertise. Risks may be suggested in areas outside their expertise, but they should be then presented to the expert in that area for concurrence. As these risk items are characterized, other data are needed which are described below. The mechanism for obtaining these submissions will vary. The brain-storming may occur as a group, or by e-mail, or separately in one-to-one discussions. The submissions should be â€Å"standardized† to remove very disparate interpretations of the rules before the first group consideration takes place. The following characteristics should be observed in the process. The candidate risks submitted by the team should be inclusive – if the item might be a risk, input it. The Project Manager will work with the submitter to delete inappropriate risks or modify the assessment as needed. They should have a common basis for interpretations. This is accomplished by the Project Manager iterating with the specific group members The Project Manager may use team discussion to assess the risk list, and remove differences of understanding. 5.2.4.2 Resources for Identifying Potential Risks a)External Resources Risks to the project may be identified through experiences of other projects, or the Construction industry in general b)Internal Resources Sources and resources available within Church Comunity or within the project management team which are used to develop inputs to the Risk Identification and Assessment element include: Expert Judgment The RM risk identification and assessment process relies heavily on the expert judgment of the project implementers and their peers Schedule, WBS, Work Agreement Assessments One can systematically examine the planned work and identify uncertainties to which the project has high sensitivity, which can result in risk items to be assessed. Technical, and Design Organization Assessments Functional Block Diagrams, Requirements Flow-Down, Fault Trees, etc. are all systematic organizations of the planned product which can be examined comprehensively for risk items. Review Board Reports Review Board reports include recommendations and issues, as well as RFAs. Review Board can also consist of members or contracting companies. Residual Risk Residual risks, which are identified in many activities within the project as unavoidable risk remaining after all reasonable actions have been taken, should be carried in the risk data base. They should be considered for inclusions in the SRL if applicable, such that they would be reported at monthly and quarterly management reviews as accepted risk. Early in the project design activity, decisions such as allowing selected single failure points or marginal design against worst case possibilities may be made with due consideration of the risk taken. These considerations should be retained in the residual risk descriptions and rationales. 5.2.4.3 Categories of Risk Categorization can be used to allow the aggregation of subsets of risks, and so provide insight into major risk areas in the project. Risk Source Categories A useful set of risk source categories identifies areas of the project where potential risk might reside – for example performance, cost, Or schedule, constraints within which the project must work, to be considered. Other risk source categorizations which might provide insight include: The project systems or subsystem area in which the risk is manifested, The WBS element primarily involved,  Technology areas (if breaking technolgy is used with appliances etc..) Risk Source Categorization is optional. 5.2.4.4 Risk Status Risk status is the process for configuration management of the risks, and also an indicator to external reviewers of the projects plans to deal with each risk.. For Risks that have been dispositioned, there are status classifications definitions are shown in the table below. –RESEARCH – A research category is assigned when more knowledge is required about the risk or the mitigation options. The objective is to move to mitigate, watch, or accept as soon as possible –ACCEPT – A risk is accepted if there are no practical mitigations identified. Depending on the severity of the risk, it may be needed to justify acceptance to the CMC as a Primary Risk. The risk is tracked for changes as the project matures –MITIGATE – A risk is in the mitigate category if there are funded actions under way to reduce the risk. This may have future decision milestones, or milestones where the mitigation risk reductions may be claimed -WATCH – A risk in the watch category has known future points of change, and requires tracking and possible future reassessments. Candidate mitigation options may be carried, and the risk may be re-categorized as the project evolves. 5.2.5 Risk Item Descriptors The draft SRL should list each identified risk item, and for each item should  include as a minimum: Description of the adverse event (Condition, event, consequence) Context of the Risk (If warranted) Categorization in the categories chosen Implementation Risk Assessment -Consequence -Likelihood of occurrence Project Risk Assessment -Consequence -Likelihood of occurrence (If quantified assessment is used) -Level of impact on resources (technical, cost and schedule) -WBS elements primarily affected -Task/ schedule elements primarily affected Mitigation Options – Description of potential mitigation for consideration – Costs of identified mitigation options Timeframe – Urgency of decisions for mitigation effectiveness Time window of potential occurrence – if applicable Resulting reductions in risk likelihood and impact if mitigation option is implemented Project personnel who are identifying risk items will record as much of this as is available at the time a risk is input to the project. Recording the likelihood and consequence descriptors require that the thought processes of risk assessment (described below) be gone through, and in general a first cut at each can be entered with the other data. Risk Description Data Timeframe Implementation (Schedule Or Cost) Risk Project Scope Risk Mitigation Data Risk No. Title Description Impact Near-term, mid-term, or far-term ImplementationConsequence (Cost to recover) Likelihood (implementation) Risk Cost Project Consequence (loss of performance) Likelihood (Project) Mitigation Options Mit. Cost Risk Reduction Figure 5‑ Sample Risk Identification and Assessment Data Sheet Risk Number:An ID number which can be used to find data in a data base. The number can be indexed to indicate updates Title:A short reference for reports, etc.  Description:Text describing the condition or root cause, the feared event, and the consequence. (additional columns can be added here to denote classification schemes to be used. Some risk managers add a time-frame classification to highlight near-term risks from long-term risks. Impact:Text that describes the change to the project due to the event described above. For implementation impact, the description might indicate what would be necessary to recover. For a Project risk, the description might indicate the reduction in project capability to return Project results. Implementation Consequence: A measure against the 5X5 assessment criteria (qualitative) or in resources expenditures (e.g. $) as a result of the impact described to get back on track. Implementation Likelihood: A measure against the 5X5 assessment criteria (qualitative) or in percent (quantitative) of the described consequence being realized. Risk Cost:For quantitative assessment, the product of the consequence in resource measure and the probability (e.g. $) Project Consequence: A measure against the 5X5 assessment criteria of the degradation of Project return due to the event occurring. Project Likelihood: A measure against the 5X5 assessment  criteria (qualitative) or in percent (quantitative) of the described consequence being realized. Mitigation Options:A description of one (or more) possible approaches to mitigating the risk Mitigation Cost:An estimate of the cost in project resources to implement the mitigation Risk Reduction:A description of the effect of the mitigation on the original risk assessments 5.2.6 Risk Item Assessment 5.2.6.1 Qualitative Assessment Qualitative Risk Assessment is the assignment of adjective ratings to the degree of significance of either likelihood or consequence of occurrence. Criteria like â€Å"High, Medium, and Low† are generally used. Scales can have fewer gradations (i.e. high and low) or more (e.g. very high, high, significant, moderate, and low). Definition of these levels is essential, and some iteration and discussion will be needed before the team understands a common distinction between assessed levels. Consequence of Occurrence LevelProject Risk Level Definitions Very HighProject failure HighSignificant reduction in project return ModerateModerate reduction in project return LowSmall reduction in project return Very LowMinimal (or no) impact to project LevelImplementation Risk Level Definition Very HighOverrun budget and contingency, cannot meet schedule with current resources HighConsume all contingency, budget or schedule ModerateSignificant reduction in contingency or schedule slack LowSmall reduction in contingency or schedule slack Very LowMinimal reduction in contingency or schedule slack The advantage of this qualitative approach is that, while subjective, the project team can quickly get in tune with the distinction between levels by working through a number of risks together, and can then assess their own risks fairly consistently. The disadvantage is that the system does not straightforwardly allow â€Å"adding-up† or otherwise aggregating the total risk. Rather, a risk distribution is used to display the project risk position,  as will be seen below.